詞匯的重要性，包括遣詞和造句兩個方面。這一系列中，將為大家介紹其中一二，即如何通過好的造句拿到高分。
造句要做到準確、多樣以及高分表達
準確的句子表達：
1.句型分析
英語的句型包括以下幾種，簡單句、復合句、并列句、并列復合句等。在新托福寫作中，一般使用復合句，輔以并列句和并列復合句，當然肯定要有簡單句，做到長短句相結合。下面摘抄幾個句子給大家認識并分析一下復合句和并列復合句。
a.Even though I usually know what I have to say, I cannot always express myself correctly in English.
這句話是一個復合句，由even though引導的讓步狀語從句。
b.This challenges me to practice my spoken English, with the result that I can complete the speaking tasks more fluently and quickly.
這句話中是一個復合句。with介詞結構中，有一個that引導的同位語從句對result進行解釋說明。
c.I think this is less than ideal because any differences in opinion become personal conflicts, and therefore that might jeopardize the employee’s job.
上句話是一個并列復雜句。and 連接了兩個句子，是一個并列句;because引導的原因狀語從句。
d.Shallow writing is indicative of weak critical-thinking skills, and such writing, which is often described as “sophomoric”, receives low mark.
這句話同樣是并列復雜句。由and連接兩個句子，成為并列句，再一個which引導的定語從句。
2.有問題的句子的列舉
考生寫的句子容易出現三個問題：一是使用破碎句，二是使用接連句，三是句子連接不正確。
1)破碎句
所謂破碎句，就是句子不完整，通常是沒有謂語(或者說謂語是動詞的非謂語形式，如分詞)，或者是從句單獨成句。
破碎句：She singing alone. (無謂語，singing是現在分詞)
正確句：She is singing alone.
破碎句：He did not come. Because he was sick. (從句單獨成句)
正確句：He did not come because he was sick.
2)接連句
所謂接連據，就是兩個句子直接連在一起，既未使用連詞，也未使用正確的標點符號。
接連句:Professionals such as lawyers or accountants usually work longer hours than factory workers they have greater freedom in planning their time.
正確句一:Professionals such as lawyers or accountants usually work longer hours than factory workers. However, they have greater freedom in planning their time.
正確句二:Professionals such as lawyers or accountants usually work longer hours than factory workers; however, they have greater freedom in planning their time.
3)句子連接不正確
所謂句子連接不正確，就是兩個獨立的句子之間以逗號連接，這是不合英語語法的。正確的做法是以連詞、分號、冒號、句號等連接兩個句子。
不正確句:Breaking chalk into two pieces is a physical change, there is no change in the composition of the chalk.
正確句:Breaking chalk into two pieces is a physical change, so there is no change in the composition of the chalk.
高分表達：
除了在句式上長短句相結合準確表達外，建議新托福考生要使用一些特殊的句式，以使句型多樣化。句型多樣化也是作文得到高分的條件之一。除了我們之前經常提到的高分句式，如倒裝句、強調句、狀語前置、插入語等，筆者還提出另外一個句式的多樣變化，即主語多樣化。下面將列舉幾個句子概括介紹前面四種句型，而重點分析主語多樣化。
正常句: Luck only works in extreme cases.
倒裝句: Only in extreme cases does luck work. (否定詞位于句首的倒裝。)
正常句：The internet provides people access to the latest information.
強調句：It is the internet that provides people access to the latest information. (強調the internet)
正常句：The environment has been deteriorating severely along with the development of industry.
狀語前置句：Along with the accelerating development of industry, the environment has been deteriorating severely.
正常句:However, new zoos try to duplicate animals’ natural habitats as much as possible and give animals a comfortable amount of space.
插入語：New zoos, however, try to duplicate animals’ natural habitats as much as possible and give animals a comfortable amount of space. (連詞however做插入語)
主語多樣：
1.她突然想到了一個主意。
She suddenly had an idea.
通常情況下，考生會馬上對這句話進行翻譯，基本不會動句子結構。但是以人作為主語的英語句子總是不能夠很吸引人，所以這個句子如果稍微做下修改，以后面的賓語“主意”做主語，這個句子會發生一些變化。
An idea suddenly occurred to her.
2.他開車心不在焉，幾乎闖禍。
He was absent-minded when driving, and almost caused an accident.
這句話依然是拿人做主語，稍微改一下，把心不在焉這個形容詞的名詞形式做主語，會大不相同。
His absence of mind during driving nearly caused an accident.
3.美利堅合眾國創立于1789年。
The United States of America was founded in 1789.
這句話沒有任何錯誤，但是不夠多樣，可以用時間作主語。
The year 1789 witnessed the founding of the United States of America.
實用句型：
在文章的最后，為大家列舉幾個新托福考試中可以使用的套用句型，為一些寫句子摸不著頭緒的考生提供幫助。
1.It pays to make great efforts to prepare for TOEFL-ibt.
努力準備新托福考試是值得的。
2.Nothing is more important than to receive education.
沒有比接受教育更重要的了。
3.The reason why the white-collars suffer increasing work-related stress is that they pursue work achievement in career.
白領壓力日益增加的原因是他們在事業上有所追求。
4.It is time the related department took proper measures.
(虛擬句式)相關部門早該采取適當的措施了。 |
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