對(duì)于那些認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)只能在教室中進(jìn)行的人而言，自學(xué)可能會(huì)嚇怕他們。那么我們?cè)趺床拍茏詈玫睦米詫W(xué)這種新興的學(xué)習(xí)方法呢?下面以自學(xué)外語(yǔ)為例，為大家介紹一些小訣竅。
1. Get interested
第一步：對(duì)所學(xué)之物感興趣
Make no mistake. Your interest in the subject is the essential driver of success. You can"t learn what you do not want to learn. Emotion is an important part of the learning process. If you are even moderately interested in a subject, give yourself a chance. The key is to get started. If you can create some pleasurable routines, you may find that the subject grows on you. “L’appetit vient en mangeant” (the appetite comes with eating) as they say in French.
可別搞錯(cuò)了，興趣是成功學(xué)成某件事的根本要素!你不想學(xué)的東西當(dāng)然學(xué)不會(huì)。在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中保持熱情至關(guān)重要。所以如果你對(duì)某件事有些興趣，那就給自己一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。關(guān)鍵是要“開(kāi)始”!如果你能創(chuàng)造一些讓自己開(kāi)心的學(xué)習(xí)模式，那么就能好好開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)這門(mén)科目。就像他們?cè)诜ㄕZ(yǔ)里說(shuō)的那樣：吃著吃著就有胃口了!
很多同學(xué)因?yàn)榭疵绖』騽?dòng)漫而對(duì)英語(yǔ)、日語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生了強(qiáng)烈的興趣，這就是一個(gè)很棒的開(kāi)始。如果你能抓住這個(gè)興趣，把興趣發(fā)展到語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中，你就不僅僅能得到看劇的快樂(lè)，更能為自己添加一種新的能力。不要擔(dān)心自己學(xué)不下來(lái)，總要給自己一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)開(kāi)始。
2. Expect problems and you won’t be disappointed.
第二步：降低期望值，這樣就不會(huì)對(duì)自己失望
Don't expect to understand things, much less remember them, the first time you study them. Trust that things will get clearer as your brain comes to grips with new information. It is like a jig-saw puzzle or a cross-word puzzle. As you start to put the pieces together, or string the words together, the full picture becomes clearer. The brain learns all the time, but on its own schedule. Learning does not take place according to a schedule laid down by a curriculum or teacher. Some things are easier to learn than others. Some things just take longer to click in. Keep at it, and you will gradually find that things that seem difficult at first, will become second nature with time.
當(dāng)一開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候，別指望能一下就全部理解、更別說(shuō)記住所有知識(shí)點(diǎn)了。要相信，隨著你了解越來(lái)越多的新知識(shí)、你的頭腦也會(huì)變得清晰起來(lái)。這就像是拼圖、或者填字游戲那樣：當(dāng)你把圖形一個(gè)一個(gè)拼起來(lái)、或是把單詞一一填進(jìn)去，整個(gè)大局就會(huì)清楚。大腦其實(shí)隨時(shí)都在學(xué)習(xí)，不過(guò)它也有自己的節(jié)奏。學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程是不會(huì)按照一個(gè)課程、或是老師給你規(guī)定的進(jìn)行的。有的東西比其他好學(xué)，有的東西就是需要花更多時(shí)間。堅(jiān)持下去，你慢慢就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)那些一開(kāi)始看上去很難的東西也會(huì)隨著時(shí)間變得簡(jiǎn)單了。
3. Cover the same ground from different angles.
第三步：從不同的角度學(xué)習(xí)同一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。
Your brain is struggling to form patterns to cope with new input from your learning activities. Sometimes, no matter how long you focus on one subject, your brain is not going to pick it up. If you are stuck, move on. Then cover the same general information from a different source, a different book, or a podcast, or an online lecture or a video. Try to become a grazing learner, roaming the countryside, rather than a feedlot learner, just standing there in one spot, munching on the same bale of hay. The broader your base, the easier it is to learn. Just as the “rich get richer”, the more you know, the more you can learn.
在新知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，你的大腦會(huì)通過(guò)固有模式來(lái)接受新的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。有的時(shí)候，不管花多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間對(duì)著一個(gè)科目，你就是記不住它。如果卡在這種時(shí)候，就略過(guò)它。跟著從其他的信息來(lái)源：比如不同的書(shū)籍、播客、線上課程或視頻來(lái)重新學(xué)習(xí)同一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。試著把自己變成一個(gè)“放養(yǎng)”的學(xué)習(xí)者——在知識(shí)的草原上四處周游;而不是“圈養(yǎng)”的學(xué)習(xí)者——只站在一個(gè)點(diǎn)上學(xué)習(xí)，反復(fù)咀嚼一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。看地越廣、就能學(xué)的輕松。就像是“有錢(qián)的更有錢(qián)”的道理那樣，你知道的越多、就能學(xué)的越多。
4. Be a multimedia learner.
第四步：做一個(gè)多媒體學(xué)習(xí)者
The more varied your learning content, and the more varied the ways in which you learn, the clearer the puzzle will become. Different learning activities suit different people, at different times of the day. Vary your activities in order to keep your interest level up. Even if listening and reading work best for you, treat yourself to the odd video lecture, or get-together with other learners. This will renew your batteries.
你學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容越多、來(lái)源越多，你就會(huì)對(duì)知識(shí)點(diǎn)越清楚。不同的人適合不同的學(xué)習(xí)方法，每天的學(xué)習(xí)“興奮點(diǎn)”也不錯(cuò)。所以最好能找到自己的一套學(xué)習(xí)規(guī)律來(lái)保持自己的“興奮度”。即便聽(tīng)和讀是你習(xí)慣的學(xué)習(xí)方式，也要讓自己試著去聽(tīng)聽(tīng)看視頻的演講、或是跟其他學(xué)習(xí)者交流。這會(huì)讓你重新充滿精力!
5. Anytime is learning time.
第五步：隨時(shí)都是學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間!
Take full advantage of the Internet, iTunes, and various mobile devices, not to mention good old-fashioned books and magazines. Learn during “dead time”. Listen in your car, on the train, or while jogging. Have your learning with you while waiting in the doctor's office, or listen while checking out at the supermarket. Anytime is learning time. Remember, you are learning through exposure, not by nailing things down. It is more like moisture accumulation in a cloud, rather than building a brick wall.
一定要好好利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、iTunes和其他多種移動(dòng)便攜設(shè)備，更不用說(shuō)書(shū)籍和雜志這樣的傳統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)資源啦!把那些“死時(shí)間”也都利用起來(lái)：開(kāi)車(chē)、坐火車(chē)、或者慢跑時(shí)都可以聽(tīng)課。在醫(yī)院排隊(duì)、或是超市等結(jié)賬的時(shí)候你有沒(méi)有在聽(tīng)課呢?其實(shí)隨時(shí)都可以是學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間。記住，你要與學(xué)習(xí)材料耳鬢廝磨來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)，而不是痛苦地一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)去啃材料。這個(gè)過(guò)程更像是一朵云的形成，是水汽的一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)累計(jì);而不像砌一面墻那樣，把磚堆上去就好。
網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程最大的優(yōu)勢(shì)就在于“隨時(shí)隨地”!只要有網(wǎng)絡(luò)，學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間由你定。有的人適合早起，一清早最有效率;可有的人就是天生的夜貓子，早晨的學(xué)習(xí)效率無(wú)論如何都高不起來(lái)。現(xiàn)在都不用擔(dān)心了，你完全可以按照適合自己的時(shí)間點(diǎn)來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)、來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)。
6. Join learning communities.
第六步：加入學(xué)習(xí)社區(qū)
The “l(fā)oneliness of the distance learner” is a thing of the past. Join a learning community on the web, where members share their knowledge and experience. Search for the communities that suit your interests and learning style. You will find encouragement, advice and stimulus from fellow learners, as well as from tutors, teachers and coaches. In these communities, you can measure your progress against your own goals, or compare your experience with that of other learners. You can even teach and help others, which is a great way to learn.
“遠(yuǎn)程教育是孤獨(dú)的”概念已經(jīng)成為過(guò)去。現(xiàn)在你可以加入一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)社區(qū)，和大家一起分享知識(shí)與經(jīng)驗(yàn)。找一個(gè)符合你興趣和學(xué)習(xí)方式的社區(qū)。在那里你可以從其他學(xué)習(xí)者身上找到鼓勵(lì)、建議和動(dòng)力，同時(shí)也有導(dǎo)師、老師和教練給你提供支持。在這些社區(qū)中，你能更好地檢驗(yàn)自己的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度、也可以和其他學(xué)習(xí)者競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。甚至，你還可以教授或幫助其他人，這的確是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)的好方法! |
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