Reuters - China's ruling party pledged to let markets play a "decisive" role in allocating resources as it unveiled a reform agenda for the next decade on Tuesday, looking to overhaul the world's second-largest economy to drive future growth.
China aims to achieve "decisive results" in its reform push by 2020, with economic changes a central focus of overall reforms, the ruling Communist Party said in a communiqué released by state media at the end of a four-day closed-door meeting of the party's 205-member Central Committee.
"The core issue is to straighten out the relationship between government and the market, allowing the market to play a decisive role in allocating resources and improving the government's role," the party said in its statement.
It added that it would set up a central leading team for "comprehensively deepening reform," responsible for "designing reform on an overall basis, arranging and co-ordinating reform, pushing forward reform as a whole, and supervising the implementation of reform plans".
In previous policy statements, the Communist Party had often described markets as playing a "basic" role in allocating resources, Xinhua news agency said, meaning the new language amounts to an upgrading of its role in the party philosophy.
"They are looking to break away from government control, allowing the markets to take the lead. In the past, prices and investment decisions were predominantly made by the government," said Dong Tao, Asia ex-Japan chief regional economist with Credit Suisse in Hong Kong.
"This is a revolutionary philosophy, by Chinese standards."
Still, the party did not issue any bold reform plans for the country's state-owned enterprises (SOEs), saying that while both state firms and the private sector were important and it would encourage private enterprise, the dominance of the "public sector" in the economy would be maintained.
While the statement was short on details, it is expected to kick off specific measures by state agencies over the coming years to reduce the role of the state in the economy.
Historically, such third plenary sessions of a newly installed Central Committee have acted as a springboard for key economic reforms, and this one will also serve as a first test of the new leadership's commitment to reform.
Among the issues singled out for reform, the party said it would work to deepen fiscal and tax reform, establish a unified land market in cities and the countryside, set up a sustainable social security system, and give farmers more property rights - all seen as necessary for putting the world's second-largest economy on a more sustainable footing.
Out of a long list of areas that the meeting was expected to tackle, most analysts have singled out a push towards a greater role of markets in the financial sector and reforms to public finances as those most likely to get immediate attention.
As part of that, Beijing is expected to push forward with capital account convertibility, and the 2020 target date for making significant strides on reform could set off expectations that the government will be looking to achieve breakthroughs on freeing up the closely managed yuan by then.
Few China watchers had expected Xi and Li to take on powerful state monopolies, judging that the political costs of doing so were just too high. Many economists argue that other reforms will have only limited success if the big state-owned firms' stranglehold on key markets and financing is not tackled.
But instead, the focus will be on indirect steps to limit the power of state behemoths and open up space for nimbler, private and foreign rivals - opening up key markets to private and foreign investment and deregulation tested in free trade zones.
Some reforms could face stiff resistance from powerful interest groups such as local governments or state-owned monopolies, people involved in reform discussions have said.
路透社11月12日?qǐng)?bào)道，中國(guó)執(zhí)政黨12日公布了今后十年的改革議程，保證將使市場(chǎng)在資源配置中起決定性作用，并將對(duì)中國(guó)——世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體實(shí)行徹底改革以推動(dòng)其未來(lái)的發(fā)展。
中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨在官方媒體發(fā)布的十八屆三中全會(huì)公報(bào)上指出，中國(guó)的目標(biāo)是到2020年在推動(dòng)改革上取得“決定性成果”，也指出經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革是全面深化改革的重點(diǎn)。日前，由205名委員組成的中央委員會(huì)在北京參加了四天的非公開(kāi)會(huì)議。
公報(bào)指出，核心問(wèn)題是處理好政府和市場(chǎng)的關(guān)系，使市場(chǎng)在資源配置中起決定性作用和更好地發(fā)揮政府的作用。
公報(bào)還指出，中央將成立全面深化改革領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組，負(fù)責(zé)改革總體設(shè)計(jì)、統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)、整體推進(jìn)、督促落實(shí)。
在之前的政策聲明中，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨常稱(chēng)市場(chǎng)在資源配置中起“基礎(chǔ)性”作用，新華社表示，這一表述上的變化意味著市場(chǎng)將在黨的哲學(xué)體系中發(fā)揮更大的作用。
“人們?cè)谠噲D尋找脫離政府控制的出路，旨在允許市場(chǎng)來(lái)起主導(dǎo)作用。過(guò)去，價(jià)格和投資決定都是由政府來(lái)做。”瑞士信貸亞洲區(qū)首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家陶冬說(shuō)道。
“以中國(guó)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)講，這就是一個(gè)革命性的突破。”
不過(guò)，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨并沒(méi)有公布針對(duì)國(guó)企改革的大膽方案，公告指出國(guó)有企業(yè)和私營(yíng)部門(mén)都很重要，它會(huì)鼓勵(lì)私營(yíng)企業(yè)，而“國(guó)營(yíng)部門(mén)”在經(jīng)濟(jì)中的支配作用也將繼續(xù)保持下去。
盡管公告細(xì)節(jié)不足，接下來(lái)的幾年中國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)有望實(shí)行具體措施，減弱國(guó)家在經(jīng)濟(jì)中的作用。
歷史上，新成立的中央委員會(huì)召開(kāi)的三中全會(huì)都是主要經(jīng)濟(jì)改革的跳板，這一次的三中全會(huì)也將作為首次測(cè)試以考驗(yàn)新領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體改革的決心。
在改革方面，公告指出將深化財(cái)政、稅收改革，建立城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)一的土地市場(chǎng)，建立可持續(xù)的社會(huì)保障制度，賦予農(nóng)民更多財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)力，這些都是中國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展所必不可少的措施。
在期待全會(huì)解決的一長(zhǎng)串領(lǐng)域中，大多數(shù)分析師挑選出最可能得到人們及時(shí)關(guān)注的問(wèn)題：促進(jìn)市場(chǎng)在金融領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮更大的作用以及改革公共財(cái)政。
同時(shí)，人們也希望中央能推動(dòng)資本項(xiàng)目可兌換的進(jìn)程，而在改革上取得長(zhǎng)足發(fā)展的2020年目標(biāo)也讓人們翹首企盼：到那時(shí)，政府在開(kāi)放嚴(yán)格控制的人民幣上將取得突破性進(jìn)展。
很少有中國(guó)事務(wù)觀察家曾預(yù)料到習(xí)主席和李總理會(huì)針對(duì)強(qiáng)大的國(guó)有壟斷企業(yè)，畢竟這樣做的政治成本太高。不少經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為，如果大型國(guó)有企業(yè)對(duì)主要市場(chǎng)和融資的束縛沒(méi)有得到解決，那其他改革的成功則會(huì)受到一定的限制。
相反，未來(lái)焦點(diǎn)將會(huì)集中在非直接方式限制國(guó)有大型企業(yè)，向小型企業(yè)、私營(yíng)企業(yè)、外國(guó)企業(yè)開(kāi)放市場(chǎng)，向私營(yíng)和外商資本開(kāi)放核心投資市場(chǎng)，放松在自由貿(mào)易區(qū)已經(jīng)試驗(yàn)過(guò)的一些管制。
參與改革討論的人們表示，一些改革可能會(huì)面臨強(qiáng)大利益集團(tuán)（如當(dāng)?shù)卣驀?guó)有壟斷企業(yè)）的頑強(qiáng)抵抗。 |
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